Comparison of safety and effectiveness of active migration technique and in situ lithotripsy technique in the treatment of 1-2 cm upper ureteral calculi by flexible ure-teroscopy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the safety and effectiveness of active migration technique and in situ lithotripsy technique in the treatment of 1-2 cm upper ureteral calculi by retrograde flexible ureteroscopy.@*METHODS@#A total of 90 patients with 1-2 cm upper ureteral calculi treated in the urology department of Beijing Friendship Hospital from August 2018 to August 2020 were selected as the subjects. The patients were divided into two groups using random number table: 45 patients in group A were treated with in situ lithotripsy and 45 patients in group B were treated with active migration technique. The active migration technique was to reposition the stones in the renal calyces convenient for lithotripsy with the help of body position change, water flow scouring, laser impact or basket displacement, and then conduct laser lithotripsy and stone extraction. The data of the patients before and after operation were collected and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The age of the patients in group A was (51.6±14.1) years, including 34 males and 11 females. The stone diameter was (1.48±0.24) cm, and the stone density was (897.8±175.9) Hu. The stones were located on the left in 26 cases and on the right in 19 cases. There were 8 cases with no hydronephrosis, 20 cases with grade Ⅰ hydronephrosis, 11 cases with grade Ⅱ hydronephrosis, and 6 cases with grade Ⅲ hydronephrosis. The age of the patients in group B was (51.8±13.7) years, including 30 males and 15 females. The stone diameter was (1.52±0.22) cm, and the stone density was (964.6±214.2) Hu. The stones were located on the left in 22 cases and on the right in 23 cases. There were 10 cases with no hydronephrosis, 23 cases with grade Ⅰ hydronephrosis, 8 cases with grade Ⅱ hydronephrosis, and 4 cases with grade Ⅲ hydronephrosis. There was no significant diffe-rence in general parameters and stone indexes between the two groups. The operation time of group A was (67.1±16.9) min and the lithotripsy time was (38.0±13.2) min. The operation time of group B was (72.2±14.8) min and the lithotripsy time was (40.6±12.6) min. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Four weeks after operation, the stone-free rate in group A was 86.7%, and in group B was 97.8%. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In terms of complications, 25 cases of hematuria, 16 cases of pain, 10 cases of bladder spasm and 4 cases of mild fever occurred in group A. There were 22 cases of hematuria, 13 cases of pain, 12 cases of bladder spasm and 2 cases of mild fever in group B. There was no significant difference between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Active migration technique is safe and effective in the treatment of 1-2 cm upper ureteral calculi.

Eficacia de la Litotripsia Extracorpórea por Ondas de Choque en el tratamiento de litiasis renal en el Servicio de Endourología del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Bienio 2015-2016 / Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as a treatment for nephrolithiasis at the Endourology Service of Hospital Jose Carrasco Arteaga. Biennium 2015-2016.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La litiasis renal es la tercera patología urológica más frecuente, después de las infecciones y la patología prostática. Una de las opciones de tratamiento es la litotripsia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (LEOCH); se trata de una técnica mínimamente invasiva, de fácil repetición, efectiva, de baja morbilidad y bajo costo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue mostrar la eficacia de la LEOCH en el tratamiento de litiasis renal y su asociación con diferentes factores. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal, con datos retrospectivos, con pacientes diagnosticados de litiasis renal, que recibieron tratamiento con LEOCH en el Servicio de Endourología del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, durante los años 2015 y 2016. La muestra fue de 146 pacientes. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Para el análisis, se empleó el programa SPSS v19.0. Los resultados se mostraron a través de frecuencias y porcentajes en tablas, se aplicó Chi cuadrado para medir la asociación entre las variables. RESULTADOS: La ubicación de los litos fue principalmente intrarenal y del lado izquierdo. El tamaño medio de los cálculos fue de 12.66 mm y la densidad media de 996.97UI. Al control tomográfico posterior a la LEOCH, en el 22.6% de los pacientes se destruyó totalmente el lito y en casi un tercio de los pacientes no se apreciaron cambios. Luego de la LEOCH, la mayoría de los pacientes recibieron tratamiento expulsivo. 97% de los pacientes no tuvieron complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La efectividad de la LEOCH disminuyó con la edad, en las mujeres resultó igualmente menos eficaz, aunque las diferencias no fueron significativas. La ubicación del lito, así como su tamaño resultaron tener asociación estadísticamente significativa con la efectividad del tratamiento; los litos ureterales y pequeños se destruyeron completamente con mayor frecuencia que los renales y de gran tamaño. La densidad no mostró relación significativa con la efectividad de la LEOCH.

BACKGROUND: nephrolithiasis is the third most common urological pathology, followed by infections and prostatic pathologies. One of the treatment options is extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT); it is a minimally invasive technique, easy to repeat, effective, with low morbidity and low cost. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of ESWT as a treatment for nephrolithiasis and its association with some factors. METHODS: We carried out a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective data, with patients diagnosed of nephrolithiasis and treated with ESWT at the Endourology Service of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, during the years 2015 and 2016. The sample was constituted of 146 patients. Data was Results are shown with frequencies and percentages in charts, Chi square was applied to measure the association between variables. RESULTS: The location of the stones was mainly intrarenal and on the left side. The mean size of the stones was 12.66 mm and the mean density was 996.97IU. After ESWT, tomographic control reported complete destruction of the stone in 22.6% of the patients and in almost a third of the patients there were no changes. After ESWL, most of the patients received expulsive treatment. 97% of the patients had no complications. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of ESWL decreased with age, also it was less effective in women, but the association was not statistically significant. The location of the stone, and its size had statistically significant association with the effectiveness of the treatment; ureteral and small stones were completely destroyed more frequently than renal and big stones. The stone density had no association with LEOCH effectiveness.

Uso de la litotripsia intracoronaria en el manejo de lesiones calcificadas: reporte de dos casos / Lithoplasty for calcified coronary artery lesiones

Recently, intravascular lithoplasty (IVL) has been introduced as a novel technique for treating calcified intracoronary artery lesions. There are no reports of this intervention in Latin America. We report 2 cases in which IVL was successfully used to treat this type of coronary artery lesions.

Urinary lithiasis: evaluation of the use of laser vs. Pneumatic ureteral lithotripsy

The Guidelines Project, an initiative of the Brazilian Medical Association, aims to combine information from the medical field in order to standardize producers to assist the reasoning and decision-making of doctors. The information provided through this project must be assessed and criticized by the physician responsible for the conduct that will be adopted, depending on the conditions and the clinical status of each patient.

3D Reconstruction and physical renal model to improve percutaneous punture during PNL

ABSTRACT Introduction and Objectives: We aim to present the use of 3D digital and physical renal model (1-5) to guide the percutaneous access during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL). Materials and Methods: We present the clinical case of a 30 years old man with left renal stone (25x15 mm). A virtual 3D reconstruction of the anatomical model including the stone, the renal parenchyma, the urinary collecting system (UCS) and the skeletal landmarks (lumbar spine and ribs) was elaborated. Finally, a physical 3D model was created with a 3D printer including the renal parenchyma, UCS and the stone. The surgeon evaluated the 3D virtual reconstruction and manipulated the printed model before surgery to improve the anatomical knowledge and to facilitate the percutaneous access. In prone position, combining ultrasound and fluoroscopy implemented by the preoperative anatomical planning based on the 3D virtual and printed model, an easy and safe access of the inferior calyx was achieved. Then, the patient underwent PNL using a 30 Fr Amplatz sheet with semi-rigid nephroscope and ultrasound energy to achieve a complete lithotripsy of the pelvic stone. Results: The procedure was safely completed with 1 single percutaneous puncture (time of puncture 2 minutes). Overall surgical time was 90 min. No intra and postoperative complications were reported. The CT scan performed before discharge confirmed a complete stone free state. Conclusion: The 3D-guided approach to PNL facilitates the preoperative planning of the puncture with better knowledge of the renal anatomy and may be helpful to reduce operative time and improve the learning curve.

Effect of intravenous acetaminophen versus fentanyl on postoperative pain after transurethral lithotripsy / Efeito do acetaminofeno versus fentanil intravenosos na dor pós litotripsia transuretral

Abstract Background: Postoperative pain is the most common postoperative complication. This study was conducted to assess the effect of acetaminophen versus fentanyl on postoperative pain relief in patients who underwent urologic surgeries. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on patients aged 18-65 years. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 2000 mg acetaminophen (propacetamol) or 2 mcg.kg-1 fentanyl intravenously, 15 min before the end of surgery. The postoperative pain was evaluated every 6 h for 24 h using the Visual Analog Scale. Total morphine dose taken in 24 h and hemodynamic status were evaluated. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled into the trial. The mean score of pain in 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after surgery was lower in the acetaminophen group than in the fentanyl group but the difference was not statistically significant except in 12 and 18 h after surgery (p < 0.05). The amount of administered morphine was higher in the fentanyl group than in the acetaminophen group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The hemodynamic status including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rates were nearly the same in the two groups but the SpO2 mean was significantly higher in the acetaminophen group than the fentanyl group. Conclusions: This trial indicated that intravenous acetaminophen is as effective as intravenous fentanyl in pain relief after urologic surgeries (transurethral lithotripsy).

Resumo Justificativa: A dor pós-operatória é a complicação mais comum no período pós-operatório. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de acetaminofeno versus fentanil no alívio da dor pós-operatória em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias urológicas. Métodos: Este ensaio clínico foi realizado com pacientes cujas idades variou entre 18 e 65 anos. Os pacientes foram randomicamente designados para receber 2.000 mg de acetaminofeno (propacetamol) ou 2 mcg.kg-1 de fentanil por via intravenosa 15 min antes do final da cirurgia. A dor pós-operatória foi avaliada a cada 6 horas por 24 horas, utilizando a escala visual analógica. A dose total de morfina administrada em 24 horas e o estado hemodinâmico foram avaliados. Resultados: Oitenta pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. O escore médio de dor em 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas após a cirurgia foi menor no grupo acetaminofeno que no grupo fentanil, mas a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa, exceto em 12 e 18 horas após a cirurgia (p < 0,05). A quantidade de morfina administrada foi maior no grupo fentanil que no grupo acetaminofeno, mas a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa. O estado hemodinâmico, incluindo pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e frequência cardíaca, foi quase o mesmo nos dois grupos, mas a média de SpO2 foi significativamente maior no grupo acetaminofeno que no grupo fentanil. Conclusões: Este estudo indicou que acetaminofeno intravenoso é tão eficaz quanto fentanil intravenoso no alívio da dor após cirurgias urológicas (litotripsia transuretral).

Anterograde irrigation - assisted ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients with percutaneous nephrostomy

ABSTRACT In complicated urinary tract infection with ureteral calculi, urinary diversion is inevitable. So, stenting or percutaneous drainage can be an option. In hemodynamically unstable patients, percutaneous drainage is superior to ureteral stenting (1). Once acute infection is controlled, definite treatment of the stone is necessary. According to a guideline, semirigid ureteroscopy is recommended for lower and mid - ureter stone and flexible ureteroscopy for upper ureter stone (2). Semi - rigid ureteroscopy can migrate stone to kidney, especially in upper ureter stone, lowering stone free rate (3). Not only flexible ureteroscopy creates additional costs but also is barely available in developing countries (4, 5). So, the authors would like to introduce anterograde irrigation - assisted ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients with percutaneous nephrostomy. Retrograde irrigation was connected and flowed minimally enough to secure visual field. Once stone is noted, another saline irrigation, which is placed above 40 cm over the patient is connected to nephrostomy. Retrograde irrigation is disconnected from ureteroscope and the previous connected channel on ureteroscope is opened. Actual pressure detected by barometer from the opened channel of ureteroscope is usually about 30 cmH2 O while anterograde irrigation is administered in maximal flow, which means fully opened anterograde irrigation is not hazardous to kidney. There was no complication in 17 patients submitted to this method. Video shows advantages of our practice: clear visual field; reduced risk of stone migration into kidney; induced spontaneous passage of fragments without using instrumentation; and decreased operation time. In short, most of surgeons, even unexperienced, can perform an excellent procedure with less time consuming using our method.

The Lithocatch (TM) by Boston Scientific: how to use it and how to solve a common problem

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Lithocatch™ basket is a immobilization device commercialized by Boston Scientific. It allows to collect multiple stone fragments from the ureter. The ability of the basket to capture a large number of stone fragments, is however responsible for a problem connected to its usage: the entrapment of the basket inside the ureter. In this video we explain how to use it and how to solve this problem. Material and Methods: After positioning the Lithocatch™ over the fragments, the basket is opened and it is rotated through a special handle to collect stones. One frequent problem occurs when too many fragments are collected at once, preventing the extraction of the device. We research our archives to extrapolate the total number of procedures carried out with the Lithocatch™ in the last two years and the total number of complications occurred. Results: We experienced the above mentioned complication in 16 procedures (14% of the total) of 114 surgeries performed. The way described to solve this complication was efficient and did not produce any damage to the ureter or to the basket. Conclusion: The Lithocatch™ has an excellent ability to capture small stones so it allows to reduce the length of the procedure. Paying attention to limit the amount of fragments collected, it is possible to avoid the entrapment of the basket. If this complication occurs, the problem can be solved by reducing the size of the stone fragments. The preferable type of energy is the ballistic one.

Simplified method using kidney / ureter / bladder x-ray to determine the appropriate length of ureteral stents

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate a method to determine the appropriate length of ureteral stents, given that the stent length may lead to exacerbation of urinary symptoms if the stent crosses the bladder midline. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the position of the distal curl of the ureteral stent using kidney/ureter/bladder (KUB) radiographs after ureteroscopic lithotripsy in 165 patients who underwent placement of 24- or 26-cm ureteral stents. According to the KUB findings, we categorized the position of the distal curl of the ureteral stent into two groups. In Group 1, the stents did not cross the midline (appropriate length); in Group 2, the stents crossed the midline (inappropriate length). We assessed several patient parameters (sex, height, body mass index, and stone side) and the index of ureteral length using KUB radiographs ("C-P") and computed tomography (CT, "P-V"). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the most significant factors affecting the position of ureteral stents. We also calculated the cutoff points of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of C-P and P-V for the position of ureteral stents. Results: The multivariate analysis showed that C-P was the most significant factor affecting the position of ureteral stents (p < 0.001) in patients with 24- and 26-cm ureteral stents. Comparison of the ROC curves of C-P and P-V showed that C-P was superior to P-V (p < 0.01) in patients with 24- and 26-cm stents. Conclusion: The use of KUB radiographs was effective and simple in determining the appropriate length of ureteral stents.

Endourologic strategies for a minimally invasive management of urinary tract stones in patients with urinary diversion

ABSTRACT Objective To present our experience in minimally invasive management of urinary tract stones in patients with urinary diversion. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients with urinary tract stones after cystectomy and urinary diversion. The types of urinary diversion were ileal conduit, colon conduit, ileal orthotopic neobladder in 19, 4, and 3 patients, respectively. At postoperative days 2, a plain KUB and urinary ultrasonography were performed in order to assess stone fragmentation or hydronephrosis. According to postoperative imaging, stone free rate (SFR) was defined as complete absence of fragments or residual stones less than 4mm. Results 19 patients were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous lithotripsy (MPCNL) and 2 patients required second-look MPCNL. Anterograde flexible ureteroscopy was performed in 2 patients, while in 2 patients a combined anterograde and retrograde approach was required. Three reservoir stones were treated by transurethral neo-bladder lithotripsy. Postoperative significant complications occurred in 2 patients (7.7%). The highest percentage of stone composition was struvite, as a result of chronic urinary tract infection (UTI). SFR was 88.5% (23 of 26). Conclusions Our experience showed that MPCNL is a safe and effective treatment modality with little morbidity for renal and upper ureteral stones in patients with urinary diversion. For middle and lower ureteral stones, an anterograde approach could be also considered as a first line treatment, but a combined anterograde and retrograde approach was required when the anterograde access alone cannot provide acceptable results.

Ureteroscopía rígida retrógrada en el tratamiento de la litiasis urinaria / Rigid Retrograde Ureteroscopy in the Treatment of Urinary Lithiasis

Introducción: la ureteroscopía constituye, en la actualidad, una de las principales opciones de tratamiento para la litiasis renoureteral. Objetivo: describir los resultados del tratamiento, mediante ureteroscopía rígida retrógrada, en una serie de pacientes con litiasis del tracto urinario superior. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo, en una muestra de 53 pacientes con litiasis renal o ureteral, que recibieron tratamiento mediante ureteroscopía rígida retrógrada. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, localización de la litiasis, modalidad de litotricia realizada, técnicas complementarias empleadas y complicaciones presentadas. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: prevalecieron los pacientes de la sexta década de la vida. El promedio de edad fue de 50,2 años con predominio del sexo masculino, con 36 pacientes, para un 67,9 por ciento. La litiasis preponderante fue la ureteral con 67,9 por ciento, y la mayoría localizadas en su porción distal con un tamaño de entre 10 y 20 mm. La modalidad de litotricia más utilizada fue la neumática en 46 pacientes (86,8 por ciento). La técnica complementaria más usada fue la litofragmentación (96,2 por ciento). Presentaron complicaciones 8 enfermos (15 por ciento), y todas en grados II y III de la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo. Conclusiones: la ureteroscopía rígida retrógrada, complementada con otros procederes endourológicos, constituye una modalidad terapéutica eficazy segura para el tratamiento de la litiasis renoureteral, y con un bajo índice de complicaciones(AU)

Introduction: Ureteroscopy is at present, one of the main treatment options for renal and ureteral lithiasis. Objective: To describe the results of the treatment, by rigid retrograde ureteroscopy, in a series of patients with upper urinary tract lithiasis. Methods: observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study, in a sample of 53 patients with renal or ureteral lithiasis, who received treatment by rigid retrograde ureteroscopy. The variables studied were: age, sex, location of lithiasis, lithotripsy modality performed, complementary techniques used and complications presented. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Patients of the sixth decade of life predominated. The average age was 50.2 years with predominance of males, with 36 patients, for 67.9 percent. The predominant lithiasis was the ureteral with 67.9 percent, and most located in its distal portion with a size between 10 and 20 mm. The most used lithotripsy modality was pneumatic in 46 patients (86.8 percent. The most used complementary technique was lithofragmentation (96.2 percent). There were complications in 8 patients (15 percent), and all in grades II and III of the Clavien-Dindo classification. Conclusions: Rigid retrograde ureteroscopy, complemented with other endourological procedures, constitutes an effective and safe therapeutic modality for the treatment of renoureteral lithiasis, and with a low rate of complications(AU)

Flexible ureterorenoscopy in position or fusion anomaly: Is it feasible? / Ureterorrenolitotripsia flexível no tratamento de cálculos em rins anômalos: Qual a viabilidade?

Summary Objective: To analyze the results of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser in the treatment of kidney stones with ectopic and fusion anomalies (horseshoe kidney and rotation anomalies). Method: We reviewed data from 13 patients with fusion and ectopic renal anomalies that underwent F-URS from April 2011 to April 2017. We analyzed demographic and clinical data (age, gender, BMI, anatomical abnormality, location and dimension of the renal calculi) and perioperative data (method of treatment, stone-free rate, number of days with DJ catheter and perioperative complications). Results: The mean stone size was 12.23 +/- 5.43 mm (range 6-22mm), located in the inferior (58.33%) and middle (16.76%) calyceal units, renal pelvis (16.67%) and multiple locations (8.33%). All 13 patients were treated with Ho-Yag laser, using dusting technique (25%), fragmentation and extraction of the calculi (58.33%) and mixed technique (16.67%). We did not have any severe perioperative complication. After 90 days, nine patients (75%) were considered stone free. Conclusion: Our data suggest that F-URS is a safe and feasible choice for the treatment of kidney stones in patients with renal ectopic and fusion anomalies.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar os resultados da ureterorrenolitotripsia flexível (ULT-F) no tratamento de cálculos em rins com anomalia de posição e de fusão (rins em ferradura e rins com vício de rotação). Método: Realizamos a coleta prospectiva dos dados de 13 pacientes com anomalias de fusão e de posição submetidos a ULT-F entre abril de 2011 e abril de 2017. Analisaram-se dados clínicos (idade, gênero, IMC, anormalidades anatômicas, dimensão e localização dos cálculos) e perioperatórios (método de tratamento do cálculo, índice de stone free, tempo de cateter DJ e complicações perioperatórias). Resultados: Nos 13 pacientes, os cálculos mediam em média 12,23 mm +/- 5,43 mm (variando de 6 a 22 mm), em sua maioria distribuídos em apenas um grupo calicinal (58.33% em grupo calicial inferior, 16.67% em grupo calicial médio, 16,67% em pelve e 8,33% em múltiplos cálices). Todos os pacientes foram tratados com utilização de laser Ho-Yag, com fragmentação e retirada de cálculos em sete casos (58,33%), pulverização em três casos (25%) e técnica mista em dois casos (16,67%). Não houve complicações intraoperatórias ou pós-operatórias graves. Após 90 dias, nove pacientes tornaram-se stone free (75%). Conclusão: A ULT-F apresenta-se como método seguro e eficaz no tratamento de litíase em rins com anomalia de posição e de fusão.

Skin to calyx distance is not a predictive factor for miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the predictive value of the distance from skin to calyx (SCD) on the outcome and complication rates of patients undergoing mPNL. Materials and Methods Patient's charts, who had undergone mPNL between June 2012 and June 2015, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients who had a preoperative computerized tomography (CT) were enrolled into the study. Two separateurologists evaluated the CT scans and calculated the SCD defined as the distance between the skin and surface/lateral edge of the calyx, which was the preferred site of entry for percutaneous access. The average value of the two measurements was included inthe final analysis to avoid bias. The mean SCD was 75mm. According to the median SCD value, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (SCD ≤75) and group 2 (SCD >75). Results A total of 140 patients and 130 patients were enrolled in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean operation time and the mean fluoroscopy time was significantly longer in group 2 (p:0.004 vs. p:0.021). The rate of blood transfusion was significantly higher in group 1 (6 patients). None of patientsin group 2required blood transfusion (p:0.017). Stone-free status after a single session of mPNL was 67.1% in group 1 and 75.4% in group 2 (p:0.112). After additional procedures, stone-free rates increased to 84.3% and 85.4% in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p:0.802). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that longer SCD was not a predictive factor for stone-free rates after mPNL. However, SCD over 75mm was associated with longer operation time and fluoroscopy time with lower rates of transfusion.

Effects of body mass index on the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the the effect of body mass index (BMI) on PNL results and complications with a large number of patients. Materials and Methods A total of 958 patients were included in the study, who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy in our clinic between 2008 and 2015. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their body mass index. Patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 were classified as group 1 (n:676) and patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 were classified as group 2 (n:282). Achieving stone-free status or having residual stones of ≤ 4 mm were considered as operational success. Results The mean age was 47.9 years for group 1 and 48.9 years for group 2 patients. At postoperative first month CT analysis, residual stone was not observed in 466 patients (69%) of group 1 and 20 (72%) patients of group 2. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of stone-free status (p=0.348). There was no significant difference between two groups complications. Also, there was no difference between the groups for requiring additional intervention (p=0.924). No other complications were observed in the patients. Conclusions BMI does not affect the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy as well as complication rate.

Laparoscopic single port cystolithotomy using pneumovesicum

ABSTRACT Purpose: Currently, several modalities are used to manage bladder stones. We report laparoscopic single port cystolithotomy using stone basket via pneumovesicum method.

Retrospective comparative study of rigid and flexible ureteroscopy for treatment of proximal ureteral stones

ABSTRACT Background: We analyzed the outcome and complications of rigid (R-URS) and flexible (F-URS) ureteroscopic lithotripsy for treatment of proximal ureteric stone (PUS). Subjects and methods: Retrospective data of 135 patients (93 males and 42 females) submitted to R-URS and F-URS for treatment of PUS in the period between July 2013 and January 2015 were investigated. (R-URS, group 1) was performed in 72 patients while 63 patients underwent (F-URS, group 2).We compared the 2 groups for success, stone characteristics, operative time, intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results: The overall stone free rate (SFRs) was 49/72 (68%) in group 1 and 57/63 (91%) patients in group 2, (P=0.005). The operative time was shorter in group 1 in comparison to group 2 with statistically significant difference (P=0.005). There was not any statistically significant difference between 2 groups in complication rate (P=0.2). Conclusıon: Both R-URS and F-URS could be a feasible option for treatment of PUS. R-URS is less successful for treatment of PUS and should be used cautiously and with availability of F-URS.

Semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy versus laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for large upper ureteral stones: a meta - analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT Introduction: To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) with laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LU) for the treatment of the large proximal ureteral stone. Materials and methods: A systematic literature review was performed in June 2015 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies. Article selection proceeded according to the search strategy based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis criteria. Results: Six RCT including 646 patients were analyzed, 325 URS cases (50.3%) and 321 LU cases (49.7%). URS provided a significantly shorter operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −31.26 min; 95%CI −46.88 to −15.64; p<0.0001) and length of hospital stay (WMD = −1.48 days; 95%CI −2.78 to −0.18; p=0.03) than LU. There were no significant differences in terms of overall complications (OR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.21-2.92; p=0.71) and major complications – Clavien ≥3 – (OR = 1.79; 95%CI 0.59-5.42; p=0.30). LU led to a significantly higher initial stone-free rate (OR = 8.65; 95%CI 4.18-17.91; p<0.00001) and final stone-free rate (OR = 6.41; 95%CI 2.24-18.32; p=0.0005) than URS. There was a significantly higher need for auxiliary procedures in URS cases (OR = 6.58; 95%CI 3.42-12.68; p<0.00001). Conclusions: Outcomes with LU for larger proximal ureteral calculi are favorable compared to semi-rigid URS and should be considered as a first-line alternative if flexible ureteroscopy is not available. Utilization of flexible ureteroscopy in conjunction with semi-rigid ureteroscopy may impact these outcomes, and deserves further systematic evaluation.

Doxazosin oral intake therapy to relieve stent - related urinary symptoms and pain: a prospective, randomized, controlled study

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of Doxazosin Oral Intake Therapy on urinary symptoms and pain in patients with indwelling ureteral stents Patients and Methods: A total of 239 patients with ureteral stone-related hydronephrosis who underwent a double-J stent insertion after ureteroscopic lithotripsy were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive doxazosin cotrolled release 4 mg once daily for 4 weeks or matching placebo. Patients completed the brief-form Chinese version Ureteric Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) and quality of life (QoL) score 2 weeks and 4 weeks after stent placement and 4 weeks after stent withdrawal. The analgesic use was also recorded during the stenting period. Results: Patients in Doxazosin Oral Intake Therapy group, in the first 2 weeks and second 2 weeks with the stent in situ, expressed significant lower daytime frequency (p=0.028 and p=0.038), nocturia (p=0.021 and p=0.008) and urgency (p=0.012 and p=0.014), respectively. Similarly, flank pain score, QoL score and analgesic use were also significant less in the stenting period. There was no significant difference in scores of urinary symptoms, pain and QoL during the post-stent period between two cohorts. Conclusions: Doxazosin Oral Intake Therapy reduced stent-related urinary symptoms, pain and the negative impact on QoL.